영어 문법 정리 - 모르는 것 위주 English grammar - what I don't know well

영어 문법 정리 - 모르는 것 위주 
English grammar - what I don't know well 


문법 정리
과거의 경험에 대해 이야기하기
Talking about past experience

나 ~ 해본 적 없어 I haven't ~ before
I haven't met any entertainers before
어떤 연예인도 만나 본 적 없어

~해본 적 있니?
Have you every~?

~하는데 어려움을 겪다
I have a hard time calculating it.
I have a trouble calculating it.
계산하는데 어려움을 겪고 있어.


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잘 모르는 문법
English grammar What I don't know well


1.one of the 최상급 복수명사
가장 ~한 것 중에 하나 : 여러 개 중 하나이므로 복수명사형태
He is one of the most famous actors in Korea.
그는 한국에서 가장 유명한 배우 중에 하나야
I think she is the best teachers in Korea.
내 생각에 그녀는 한국에서 최고의 선생님이야.



2.주어+동사일치
All (of) the foreigners are Chinese.
Foreigner은 사람이므로 셀 수 있는 명사이다.
앞에 All 부정대명사가 오면 s를 붙여 foreigners로 표기해야 하며
동사 역시 are을 써줘야 한다

cf. All이 부정대명사로 사용될 경우가 있다.
이 경우에는 예를 들어 명사가 Students라고 가정하고,
 All + (of) the students - referring to particular students, the students in his class, in his school or whatever.
또는 All students - Every student in the world   로 사용될 수 있다.



3. ~ing / ~to에 따라 의미가 달라지는 동사
책을 가져와야 한단걸 깜빡했다
I forgot to bring my textbook.
cf. I forgot bringing my textbook.
    = I brought the book, but I forgot it
책 가져온걸 깜빡했다

forget + to부정사 : ~ 할 것을 잊다 (미래에 할 일)
forget + 명사 : ~ 한 것을 잊다 (과거에 한 일)

cf. Remeber
did you remember to bring my textbook? (Future)
I'll never forget receiving roses for the first time. (Past)

cf. Like
I like watching movies on the cinema
영화관에서 영화보는걸 즐긴다
I like to clen up as soon as I finish working.
청소하는 것을 좋아하지는 않지만 일이 끝나는대로
청소를 하는 것이 옳다고 생각한다는 의미
would like을 사용할 경우 to 부정사만 쓸 수 있음
Wolud like  - ing (x)

cf. Stop
Stop + ing : what에 주목. 무엇을 멈췄는지에 초점
I've stopped buying a magazine every month
Stop + To + infinitive : Why에 주목. 왜 멈췄는지에 초점
The Car stopped to pick up the old woman.




4. 스트레스를 받다, 스트레스를 느끼다  feel stressed (out)
I felt strressed with my boss and subordinate.
How to Deal With Family Members Who Stress You Out
your family is stressing you out to an unhealthy degree

Cf. Stressful means "causing stress". 스트레스를 유발하다
Why are holidays with your family is stressful?
Why is retirement so streessful?



5. 우리가족은 ~명이다
We are ~ members in my family.



6. 버스에 타고 있다
I'm on a bus



7. Every + 기수(숫자를 나타내는 수) / 서수(순서를 세는 수)
every + 숫자 + 복수명사 : 2년마다, 한해 걸러서
Every two years
Cf. Every + 사물의 순서를 나타내는 수 + 단수명사
Every second year




8. 대명사의 순서 
 I and my husband (X)
 My husband and I (O)
첫번째의 경우 문법적으로 틀린 것은 아니지만 듣기에 어색하다.
만약 3개 이상의 대명사를 써야 한다면
상대방을 먼저 말하고 다음으로 나를 말하는 것이 좋다.

Cf. me and my family /  my family and I

It depends on whether the phrase is the subject or predicate noun in a sentence, or an object.

Explanation:
As the Subject:
My family and I appreciate your kindness.

As a Predicate Noun / Nominative:
It was my family and I who arrived on time.

As a Direct Object:
They named my family and me as the winners.

As an Indirect Object:
Please give my family and me the opportunity.

As the Object of a Preposition:
The party was for my family and me.

N.B: The verb "to be" should take a predicate noun or adjective, not an object, but that's not the current colloquial usage. Most people say, "It's me," or "It's us / them," instead of the grammatically correct way: "It is I / he / she / we / they."

 - Connie · Not your average dummy


+ That up there is the correct, grammatically explained answer, but an easy way to remember it is that you should refer to yourself as if there weren't another party in the sentence.
보다 심플한 방법으로는, '가족'에 해당하는 부분을 빼고 문장에 I가 들어가야할지 me가 들어가야할지 생각해보면 된다.




9. 날씨가 덥다 

It's hot 덥다
Do you feel hot? 더워?
I feel hot. 더워
I'm hot (x) = I'm sexy.





10. wait for ~를 기다리다 = await
wait은 자동사 즉, 목적어가 온다면 전치사 to, in, for 등이 함께 나와야 한다.
await은 타동사로 ~를 기다리다 라는 의미이다.

I'm waiting for your call in my house. (o)
I'm waiting your call in my house. (x)





11. I'm free / I have free time : 한가하다 
I had free time today 오늘은 한가했어요
I had a lot of free time today




12. 요리
I missed my mother's cooking
엄마의 요리가 그립다

I like to cook
I like cooking

as Noun
cook : occupation, job
cooking : 음식, 요리 ex) home cooking, French cooking





13. 뒤에 ing(동명사 목적어)만 사용할 수 있는 동사들

 Enjoy + ing
I enjoy taking a rest

cf)
 avoid - ing
 consider - ing
  delay - ing
   discuss -ing
   finish -ing
   give up -ing
    go on -ing
    suggest -ing





 14. 여행하다 travel / trip / journey 
travel > trip > journey 순으로 시간이 길다

Trip
I took a trip to Tokyo. (take a trip)
Let's Go on a trip to Jeju island. (go on a trip)
I went on a day trip to Busan. I left at 5:30 in the morning and returned before 11:00PM the same day.

cf. go for a trip
: on대신 for을 사용해도 의미상 큰 차이는 없다

Travel
He travels abroad as much as when he was young.
Travelling by airplane is able to saving time than travelling by car.
Next year I plan to travel all around the portugal.

Journey
we journeyed to the remote Islands.
she journeyed to Italy accompanied by John and Sam.





15. 이사하다 
I'm moving to ~ (장소).
나   ~ 로 이사해

I'm moving to switzerland.
I'm a Korean that wants to move to Europe for living
Cf. I think I'll move to London.





16. 출근하다 : go to work 
Why don't you go to work today?
I gotta go to work

cf. 일하다
Work in ~ 분야
I'm working in Korea.
she works in marketing part.
Where have you worked in the last four years?

Work for ~ 회사이름
She works for Samsung
I work for Google.
He works for a non-profit organization.

Work with ~ 도구 또는 사람
Do you work with Sara?
He works with his hands and head.




17. 마음이 무겁다 : my heart is heavy
what does my heart is heavy
why do I feel my heart is heavy
I feel my heart is heavy. What can I do to change my thoughts?
My heart is heavy and so full of so many uncertainties.





18. 직업 묻기 : What do you do? 어떤 일을 하시나요? 
What do you do (for a living)?

cf. What do you do in your free time?

27 alternatives to ‘What do you do?’

What are you most passionate about?
What do you like to do?
What’s the best thing that happened to you today?
What are you most excited about right now?
What are you working on?
If money were no object, what would you do with your life?
What do you do for fun?
What’s something you’re really into right now?
What’s the most interesting thing that’s happened to you lately?
How do you feel your life has worked out so far?
What was the best part of your week/weekend?
What did you want to be when you grew up?
What are you looking forward to right now?
What’s the last picture you took on your phone?
What is your favorite thing to spend money on?
What’s the nicest thing anyone’s ever said about you?
What habit or improvement are you working on?
What cheers you up?
What’s your favorite word?
What cause are you passionate about?
What’s on your mind lately?
What personal habit are you proudest of?
How do you spend your days?
What problem do you wish you could solve?
What’s the most interesting thing you’ve learned recently?
What’s your favorite emoji?
Whom in the world would you most like to share a meal with?

- 출처 https://open.buffer.com/27-question-to-ask-instead-of-what-do-you-do/




19. 각자 부담하자 :  Let's go Dutch.
Each person paying for themselves.
Splitting a bill

Let's go dutch today.
How aobut dinner tonight?
We'll go Dutch, okay?

She always insists on going Dutch.
Cf. Dutch trat






20. ~으로 만들어지다 made of / made from / made with

made of : 기본 재료로 무언가를 만들었음을 의미 (from과 비교해, 재료의 형태가 남아있는 경우 사용)
she wore a beautiful earrings made of gold.
The table made of oak is quite expensive.


made with : 식재료나 음료의 재료에 대해서 말할때 많이 사용, 어떤 재료를 사용했음을 의미
Sushi is always made with raw fish.

made from : 재료가 확연히 변하여 무언가를 만들었음을 의미
This vintage wine is made from persimmon.
Cheese is made from milk.
This gloves is made from cotton.

What is this made from?